2006 г.
Справочник по Debian
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Osamu Aoki, перевод Ильи В. Головко, qref.sourceforge.net
Глава 15 - Support for Debian
The following resources provide help, advice, and support for Debian. Try your
best to use self-help resources before crying out loud in the mailing lists.
:)
Note that you can access a lot of documentation on your system by using a WWW
browser, via the dwww
or dhelp
commands, found in
their respective packages.
15.1 References
The following references are available for Debian and Linux in general. If
their contents conflict with each other, always rely more on primary
information sources than on secondary ones such as this document.
-
Installation Manual (primary)
-
Debian Reference (secondary)
-
Securing Debian Manual (secondary)
-
dselect
Documentation for Beginners (secondary)
-
Debian Policy Manual (primary)
-
Debian Developer's Reference (primary)
-
Debian New Maintainers' Guide (primary)
-
Packaging Manual (Potato)
-
packaging-manual
package in Potato. (Moved into appendix of
Developer's Reference.)
-
Unix-style manual pages (primary)
-
GNU-style info pages (primary)
-
Package-specific documents (primary)
-
Find them under /usr/share/doc/package-name
-
LDP: Linux Documentation Project (secondary)
-
General Linux HOWTOs and mini-HOWTOs
-
Web:
http://www.tldp.org/
-
Package:
doc-linux-text
-
File:
/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/
-
DDP: Debian Documentation Project (secondary)
-
Debian Developers' Corner (secondary)
-
Source code (absolutely primary)
The following references are available for Unix in general. Please note that
there are some minor differences between different Unix systems. Device names
and init methods need extra attention.
-
The UNIX Programming Environment
-
The book to read to learn about how UNIX works.
-
By B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike
-
Published by Princeton Hall Software Series
-
The C Programming Language (second edition)
-
The book to read to learn about ANSI C.
-
By B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie
-
Published by Princeton Hall Software Series
-
UNIX Power Tools
-
The book to read to learn Unix tips.
-
By Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly, and Mike Loukides
-
Published by O'Reilly and Associates
-
Essential System Administration (second edition)
-
The book to read to learn about Unix system administration for many Unix
flavors.
-
By Aeleen Frisch
-
Published by O'Reilly and Associates
-
Bell Labs: Computing Sciences Research
-
Online Linux general support resources
-
Online general Unix guide resources
-
Free software project home pages
15.2 Finding the meaning of a word
Many words used in Debian are cryptic jargon or acronyms. The following will
solve most questions:
$ dict put-a-weird-word-here
15.3 Finding the popularity of a Debian package
Many packages exist in Debian and it is sometimes difficult to know which one
to try first. See Debian Popularity
Contest Results
to get insight into what others are using. Also
install the popularity-contest
package to contribute.
15.4 The Debian bug tracking system
The Debian distribution has a bug
tracking system (BTS)
which files details of bugs reported by users
and developers. Each bug is given a number, and is kept on file until it is
marked as having been dealt with.
You should check to see whether your bug report has already been filed by
someone else before submitting it. Lists of currently outstanding bugs are
available on the World Wide
Web
and elsewhere
. See also Программные ошибки в Debian и поддержка,
раздел 6.3.1.
There may be many release-critical bug reports marked with
FTBFS. This means "Fails To Build From Source".
Instructions for reporting a bug are given at http://www.debian.org/Bugs/Reporting
.
15.5 Mailing lists
Read at least "debian-devel-announce" (English, read-only and
low-traffic) to stay current with Debian.
The mailing lists of most interest to Debian users are "debian-user"
(English, open and high-traffic) and other
"debian-user-language" lists (for other languages).
For information on these lists and details of how to subscribe, see http://lists.debian.org/
. Please
check the archives for answers to your question prior to posting and also
adhere to standard list etiquette.
If you do not wish to get CCed for the reply to your mailing list posting, use
the Mail-Followup-To: header which is a very effective measure.
This is the informal convention of mailing lists as explained in http://cr.yp.to/proto/replyto.html
.
15.6 Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a way to chat with people from all over the world
in real time. IRC channels dedicated to Debian can be found on the freenode
IRC network. To connect,
you need an IRC client. Some of the most popular clients are XChat, BitchX,
ircII, irssi, epic4 and KSirc, all of which have been packaged for Debian.
Once you have the client installed, you need to tell it to connect to the
server. In most clients, you can do that by typing:
/server irc.debian.org
Once you are connected, join channel #debian by typing
/join #debian
To leave channel #debian type
/part #debian
You can quit the irc client by typing
/quit
To send a private message "Hello Mr. Foo" to foo type
/msg foo Hello Mr. Foo
Note that anything you type without the preceding / is sent to the
channel as a message.
Note: clients like XChat often have a different graphical user interface for
joining servers/channels.
15.7 Search engines
There are many search engines that serve documentation related to Debian:
-
Google
: include
"site:debian.org" as a search term.
-
Google Groups
: a search
engine for newsgroups. Include "group:linux.debian.*" as a search
term.
For example, searching on the string "cgi-perl" gives a more detailed
explanation of this package than the brief description field in its control
file. See Программные ошибки в Debian
и поддержка, раздел 6.3.1 for related advice.
15.8 Websites
The following are a few random URLs I collected for specific issues.
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